OtorhinolaryngologySfakianakis: Απριλίου 2017

Κυριακή, 30 Απριλίου 2017

Tumor associated macrophage-targeted microRNA delivery with dual-responsive polypeptide nanovectors for anti-cancer therapy

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 134
Author(s): Lanlan Liu, Huqiang Yi, Huamei He, Hong Pan, Lintao Cai, Yifan Ma
Repolarizing Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 macrophages with microRNA (miR) is a plausible approach for cancer treatment. However, how to achieve TAM-targeted miR delivery remains a challenge. The present study generated redox/pH dual-responsive hybrid polypeptide nanovectors, which consisted of self-crosslinked redox-responsive nanoparticles based on galactose-functionalized n-butylamine-poly(l-lysine)-b-poly(l-cysteine) polypeptides (GLC) coated with DCA-grafted sheddable PEG-PLL (sPEG) copolymers. The ex vivo study showed that sPEG shielded cationic GLC core at physiological pH but quickly shed off to re-expose GLC due to it charge reversible property. Encapsulation with sPEG/GLC nanovectors effectively facilitated macrophage-targeted miR delivery at the acidic condition but diminished miR uptake at neutral pH. Administration of miR155-loaded sPEG/GLC (sPEG/GLC/155) nanocomplexes increased miR155 expression in TAMs about 100–400 folds both in vitro and in vivo. sPEG/GLC/155 also effectively repolarized immunosuppressive TAMs to anti-tumor M1 macrophages through elevating M1 macrophage markers (IL-12, iNOS, MHC II) and suppressing M2 macrophage markers (Msr2 and Arg1) in TAMs. Moreover, the treatment of sPEG/GLC/155 significantly increased activated T lymphocytes and NK cells in tumors, which consequently led to robust tumor regression. Hence, TAM-targeted delivery of miR with redox/pH dual-responsive sPEG/GLC nanovectors could be a promising approach to re-polarize TAMs to M1 macrophages in situ and induce tumor regression.

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Report on the 1st European Tissue Repair Society Summer School, London 29th June - 1st July 2016

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Report on the 1st European Tissue Repair Society Summer School, London 29th June - 1st July 2016

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A fluorescent sensing for glycoproteins based on the FRET between quantum dots and Au nanoparticles

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 250
Author(s): Lifang Chang, Xiwen He, Langxing Chen, Yukui Zhang
A simple fluorescent probe based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the glucosamine-Mn-doped ZnS QDs and mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA)-capped AuNPs was designed for the determination of glycoproteins such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Trf), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The FRET process took place via interaction between the glucosamine on the surface of QDs and boronic acid moieties on AuNPs surface, and resulted in the fluorescence quenched of the QDs. The FRET efficiency from QDs to AuNPs was calculated to be 75.4%. However, the FRET process would be inhibited after glycoproteins were introduced into the QDs-AuNPs system. The stronger interaction between the MBA on the surface of AuNPs and glycoproteins would keep the AuNPs far away from the QDs surface, leading to the fluorescence recovered of the QDs. The as-prepared sensor showed a high sensitivity and selectivity for glycoproteins. The dissociation constants and the detection limits of the selected standard glycoproteins (Trf, HRP, IgG and AGP) were estimated to be around 10⁻⁷M and 10⁻⁹M, respectively. Finally, this sensor has been successfully used for the determination of the AGP in serum samples without any complicated pretreatment and the recovery was in the range of 70%–105%.

Graphical abstract

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Similar patterns of neural activity predict memory function during encoding and retrieval

Publication date: 15 July 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 155
Author(s): James E. Kragel, Youssef Ezzyat, Michael R. Sperling, Richard Gorniak, Gregory A. Worrell, Brent M. Berry, Cory Inman, Jui-Jui Lin, Kathryn A. Davis, Sandhitsu R. Das, Joel M. Stein, Barbara C. Jobst, Kareem A. Zaghloul, Sameer A. Sheth, Daniel S. Rizzuto, Michael J. Kahana
Neural networks that span the medial temporal lobe (MTL), prefrontal cortex, and posterior cortical regions are essential to episodic memory function in humans. Encoding and retrieval are supported by the engagement of both distinct neural pathways across the cortex and common structures within the medial temporal lobes. However, the degree to which memory performance can be determined by neural processing that is common to encoding and retrieval remains to be determined. To identify neural signatures of successful memory function, we administered a delayed free-recall task to 187 neurosurgical patients implanted with subdural or intraparenchymal depth electrodes. We developed multivariate classifiers to identify patterns of spectral power across the brain that independently predicted successful episodic encoding and retrieval. During encoding and retrieval, patterns of increased high frequency activity in prefrontal, MTL, and inferior parietal cortices, accompanied by widespread decreases in low frequency power across the brain predicted successful memory function. Using a cross-decoding approach, we demonstrate the ability to predict memory function across distinct phases of the free-recall task. Furthermore, we demonstrate that classifiers that combine information from both encoding and retrieval states can outperform task-independent models. These findings suggest that the engagement of a core memory network during either encoding or retrieval shapes the ability to remember the past, despite distinct neural interactions that facilitate encoding and retrieval.

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Causal role of the posterior parietal cortex for two-digit mental subtraction and addition: A repetitive TMS study

Publication date: 15 July 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 155
Author(s): Maria Montefinese, Cristina Turco, Francesco Piccione, Carlo Semenza
Although parietal areas of the left hemisphere are known to be involved in simple mental calculation, the possible role of the homologue areas of the right hemisphere in mental complex calculation remains debated. In the present study, we tested the causal role of the posterior parietal cortex of both hemispheres in two-digit mental addition and subtraction by means of neuronavigated repetitive TMS (rTMS), investigating possible hemispheric asymmetries in specific parietal areas. In particular, we performed two rTMS experiments, which differed only for the target sites stimulated, on independent samples of participants. rTMS was delivered over the horizontal and ventral portions of the intraparietal sulcus (HIPS and VIPS, respectively) of each hemisphere in Experiment 1, and over the angular and supramarginal gyri (ANG and SMG, respectively) of each hemisphere in Experiment 2. First, we found that each cerebral area of the posterior parietal cortex is involved to some degree in the two-digit addition and subtraction. Second, in Experiment 1, we found a stronger pattern of hemispheric asymmetry for the involvement of HIPS in addition compared to subtraction. In particular, results showed a greater involvement of the right HIPS than the left one for addition. Moreover, we found less asymmetry for the VIPS. Taken together, these results suggest that two-digit mental addition is more strongly associated with the use of a spatial mapping compared to subtraction. In support of this view, in Experiment 2, a greater role of left and right ANG was found for addition needed in verbal processing of numbers and in visuospatial attention processes, respectively. We also revealed a greater involvement of the bilateral SMG in two-digit mental subtraction, in response to greater working memory load required to solve this latter operation compared to addition.

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Robust and fast nonlinear optimization of diffusion MRI microstructure models

Publication date: 15 July 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 155
Author(s): R.L. Harms, F.J. Fritz, A. Tobisch, R. Goebel, A. Roebroeck
Advances in biophysical multi-compartment modeling for diffusion MRI (dMRI) have gained popularity because of greater specificity than DTI in relating the dMRI signal to underlying cellular microstructure. A large range of these diffusion microstructure models have been developed and each of the popular models comes with its own, often different, optimization algorithm, noise model and initialization strategy to estimate its parameter maps. Since data fit, accuracy and precision is hard to verify, this creates additional challenges to comparability and generalization of results from diffusion microstructure models. In addition, non-linear optimization is computationally expensive leading to very long run times, which can be prohibitive in large group or population studies. In this technical note we investigate the performance of several optimization algorithms and initialization strategies over a few of the most popular diffusion microstructure models, including NODDI and CHARMED. We evaluate whether a single well performing optimization approach exists that could be applied to many models and would equate both run time and fit aspects. All models, algorithms and strategies were implemented on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to remove run time constraints, with which we achieve whole brain dataset fits in seconds to minutes. We then evaluated fit, accuracy, precision and run time for different models of differing complexity against three common optimization algorithms and three parameter initialization strategies. Variability of the achieved quality of fit in actual data was evaluated on ten subjects of each of two population studies with a different acquisition protocol. We find that optimization algorithms and multi-step optimization approaches have a considerable influence on performance and stability over subjects and over acquisition protocols. The gradient-free Powell conjugate-direction algorithm was found to outperform other common algorithms in terms of run time, fit, accuracy and precision. Parameter initialization approaches were found to be relevant especially for more complex models, such as those involving several fiber orientations per voxel. For these, a fitting cascade initializing or fixing parameter values in a later optimization step from simpler models in an earlier optimization step further improved run time, fit, accuracy and precision compared to a single step fit. This establishes and makes available standards by which robust fit and accuracy can be achieved in shorter run times. This is especially relevant for the use of diffusion microstructure modeling in large group or population studies and in combining microstructure parameter maps with tractography results.

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Are the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index valid outcome measures for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia? Inquiry from the perspective of response shifts and longitudinal measurement invariance in their Chinese versions

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are valid outcome measures for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). Specifically, we tested whether the factorial parameters of the ISI and the PSQI could remain invariant against CBT-I, which is a prerequisite to using their change scores as an unbiased measure of the treatment outcome of CBT-I.

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Tumores primarios del espacio parafaríngeo

Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española, Volume 68, Issue 3
Author(s): Gianluigi Grilli, Vanessa Suarez, María Gabriela Muñoz, María Costales, José Luis Llorente
Introducción y objetivosEl objetivo de este estudio es presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los tumores parafaríngeos.Pacientes y métodoRealizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 90 pacientes, diagnosticados y tratados quirúrgicamente de una tumoración parafaríngea entre 1984 y 2015. Fueron excluidos los pacientes cuyos tumores no eran primarios, sino que invadían esta región por contigüidad, los tumores originados en el lóbulo profundo de la parótida y las metástasis de otros tumores de cabeza y cuello.ResultadosEl 74% de las neoplasias del espacio parafaríngeo fueron de naturaleza benigna y el 26% maligna. Los adenomas pleomorfos fueron los tumores más frecuentes (27%), seguido por los paragangliomas (25%), un grupo de tumores de origen misceláneo de naturaleza maligna (16%), los tumores de origen neurogénico (12%), un grupo de tumores de origen misceláneo de naturaleza benigna (10%) y los tumores malignos de glándulas salivales (10%). El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en todos los casos. Se realizó un abordaje transcervical en 56 pacientes, un abordaje cervical-transparotídeo en 15 pacientes, un abordaje infratemporal tipo A en 13 pacientes, un abordaje transmandibular en 4 pacientes y en 2 casos un abordaje transoral. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las derivadas de lesiones de estructuras nerviosas.ConclusionesLa mayoría de los tumores localizados en el espacio parafaríngeo son subsidiarios de ser tratados de forma quirúrgica con una baja tasa de complicaciones y recurrencias. El abordaje transcervical es el más utilizado.Introduction and objectivesThe aim of this study is to present our experience with the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for parapharyngeal space tumours.Patients and methodThis study is a retrospective review of 90 patients diagnosed with tumours of the parapharyngeal space and treated surgically between 1984 and 2015. Patients whose tumours were not primary but invaded the parapharyngeal space expanding from another region, tumours originating in the deep lobe of the parotid gland and head and neck metastasis were excluded from this study.Results74% percent of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms were benign and 26% were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common neoplasm (27%), followed by paragangliomas (25%), miscellaneous malignant tumours (16%), neurogenic tumours (12%), miscellaneous benign tumours (10%), and malignant salivary gland tumours (10%). The transcervical approach was used in 56 cases, cervical-transparotid approach in 15 cases, type A infratemporal fossa approach in 13 cases, transmandibular approach in 4 cases and transoral approach in 2 cases. The most common complications were those deriving from nervous injuries.ConclusionsMost parapharyngeal space tumours can be removed surgically with a low rate of complications and recurrence. The transcervical approach is the most frequently used.

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Tumores primarios del espacio parafaríngeo

Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española, Volume 68, Issue 3
Author(s): Gianluigi Grilli, Vanessa Suarez, María Gabriela Muñoz, María Costales, José Luis Llorente
Introducción y objetivosEl objetivo de este estudio es presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los tumores parafaríngeos.Pacientes y métodoRealizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 90 pacientes, diagnosticados y tratados quirúrgicamente de una tumoración parafaríngea entre 1984 y 2015. Fueron excluidos los pacientes cuyos tumores no eran primarios, sino que invadían esta región por contigüidad, los tumores originados en el lóbulo profundo de la parótida y las metástasis de otros tumores de cabeza y cuello.ResultadosEl 74% de las neoplasias del espacio parafaríngeo fueron de naturaleza benigna y el 26% maligna. Los adenomas pleomorfos fueron los tumores más frecuentes (27%), seguido por los paragangliomas (25%), un grupo de tumores de origen misceláneo de naturaleza maligna (16%), los tumores de origen neurogénico (12%), un grupo de tumores de origen misceláneo de naturaleza benigna (10%) y los tumores malignos de glándulas salivales (10%). El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en todos los casos. Se realizó un abordaje transcervical en 56 pacientes, un abordaje cervical-transparotídeo en 15 pacientes, un abordaje infratemporal tipo A en 13 pacientes, un abordaje transmandibular en 4 pacientes y en 2 casos un abordaje transoral. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las derivadas de lesiones de estructuras nerviosas.ConclusionesLa mayoría de los tumores localizados en el espacio parafaríngeo son subsidiarios de ser tratados de forma quirúrgica con una baja tasa de complicaciones y recurrencias. El abordaje transcervical es el más utilizado.Introduction and objectivesThe aim of this study is to present our experience with the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for parapharyngeal space tumours.Patients and methodThis study is a retrospective review of 90 patients diagnosed with tumours of the parapharyngeal space and treated surgically between 1984 and 2015. Patients whose tumours were not primary but invaded the parapharyngeal space expanding from another region, tumours originating in the deep lobe of the parotid gland and head and neck metastasis were excluded from this study.Results74% percent of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms were benign and 26% were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common neoplasm (27%), followed by paragangliomas (25%), miscellaneous malignant tumours (16%), neurogenic tumours (12%), miscellaneous benign tumours (10%), and malignant salivary gland tumours (10%). The transcervical approach was used in 56 cases, cervical-transparotid approach in 15 cases, type A infratemporal fossa approach in 13 cases, transmandibular approach in 4 cases and transoral approach in 2 cases. The most common complications were those deriving from nervous injuries.ConclusionsMost parapharyngeal space tumours can be removed surgically with a low rate of complications and recurrence. The transcervical approach is the most frequently used.

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Gluteus medius muscle metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of larynx: a rare case

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Alperen Vural, Deniz Avcı, Sedat Çağlı, İmdat Yüce, Turan Arlı

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Gluteus medius muscle metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of larynx: a rare case

Temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus and associated mouth-opening distances in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives

To identify temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus during the first year post-radiotherapy, and to study their associations with maximal interincisal opening distances (MIOs).

Design

Single institution case series.

Setting

University hospital ENT clinic.

Participants

One hundred ninety six subjects who received radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) with or without chemotherapy in 2007-2012 to total dose of 64.6/68 Gy in 38/34 fractions, respectively. All subjects were prospectively assessed for mouth-opening ability (Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire (GTQ), and MIO) pre-RT and at 3, 6, and 12 months after RT.

Main outcome measures

Correlations between temporally robust GTQ-symptoms and MIO as given by Pearson's correlation coefficients (P_r); temporally robust GTQ-symptom domains as given by factor analysis; rates of trismus with respect to baseline by risk ratios (RRs).

Results

Four temporally robust domains were identified: Eating (3-7 symptoms), Jaw (3-7), Pain (2-5), and Quality of Life (QoL, 2-5), and included 2-3 persistent symptoms across all post- RT assessments. The median RR for a moderate/severe (>2/>3) cut-off was the highest for Jaw (3.7/3.6) and QoL (3.2/2.9). The median P_r between temporally robust symptoms and MIO post-radiotherapy was 0.25-0.35/0.34-0.43/0.24-0.31/0.34-0.50 for Eating/Jaw/Pain/QoL, respectively.

Conclusions

Mouth-opening distances in HNC patients post-RT can be understood in terms of associated patient-reported outcomes on trismus-related difficulties. Our data suggest that a reduction in MIO can be expected as patients communicate their mouth-opening status to interfere with private/social life, a clinical warning signal for emerging or worsening trismus as patients are being followed after RT.

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Patient injuries in operative rhinology during a ten-year period: Review of National Patient Insurance Charts

Abstract

Objectives

To assess factors contributing to patient injuries in operative rhinology.

Design

Data of the accepted patient injury claims involving operative rhinology, between the years 2001 and 2011, were obtained from the Finnish Patient Insurance Centre registry. Two senior otolaryngologists analysed and evaluated the injury mechanisms.

Main outcome measures

Analysis and classification of factors contributing to patient injuries.

Results

During the ten-year study period, there were 67 patient injuries in operative rhinology, comprising 36% of all patient injuries in otorhinolaryngologic surgery. The majority (78%) of patients were treated in university or central hospitals and almost all (90%) by fully trained otolaryngology specialists. The factors contributing to the injuries were errors in surgical technique, like lesions to the orbit, skull base and meninges, and adjacent nerves, as well as mistakes with removable packings left in situ. Nearly half of the patients had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. One patient died because of bleeding from the intracranial artery. Fourteen patients (21%) needed a re-operation due to the injury.

Conclusions

Patient injuries in rhinology were caused by typical complications of common operations performed by otorhinolaryngology specialists. The increased volume of endoscopic sinus surgery was evident also in patient injuries.

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Temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus and associated mouth-opening distances in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives

To identify temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus during the first year post-radiotherapy, and to study their associations with maximal interincisal opening distances (MIOs).

Design

Single institution case series.

Setting

University hospital ENT clinic.

Participants

Main outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

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Patient injuries in operative rhinology during a ten-year period: Review of National Patient Insurance Charts

Abstract

Objectives

To assess factors contributing to patient injuries in operative rhinology.

Design

Main outcome measures

Analysis and classification of factors contributing to patient injuries.

Results

Conclusions

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Temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus and associated mouth-opening distances in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives

To identify temporal patterns of patient-reported trismus during the first year post-radiotherapy, and to study their associations with maximal interincisal opening distances (MIOs).

Design

Single institution case series.

Setting

University hospital ENT clinic.

Participants

Main outcome measures

Results

Conclusions

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Patient injuries in operative rhinology during a ten-year period: Review of National Patient Insurance Charts

Abstract

Objectives

To assess factors contributing to patient injuries in operative rhinology.

Design

Main outcome measures

Analysis and classification of factors contributing to patient injuries.

Results

Conclusions

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Frontmatter

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: i-iv

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Imaging methods for bone mass evaluation during childhood and adolescence: an update

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 485-497

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Risk factors for overweight and obesity in children aged 2–6 years

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 499-505

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Copy number variations in “classical” obesity candidate genes are not frequently associated with severe early-onset obesity in children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 507-515

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Trends in the prevalence of extreme obesity among Korean children and adolescents from 2001 to 2014

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 517-523

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Plasma but not serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration is decreased by oral glucose tolerance test-induced hyperglycemia in children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 525-530

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Environmental and genetic determinants of two vitamin D metabolites in healthy Australian children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 531-541

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Evaluation of vitamin D prophylaxis in 3–36-month-old infants and children

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 543-549

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Possible effects of neonatal vitamin B12 status on TSH-screening program: a cross-sectional study from Turkey

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 551-555

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Effects of L-thyroxine treatment on heart functions in infants with congenital hypothyroidism

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 557-560

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Hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls: relationship with the somatotrophic axis

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 561-568

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Plasma kisspeptin and ghrelin levels in puberty variant cases

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 569-573

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Genotype-phenotype correlation in paediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a single centre experience from India

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 575-581

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Provider variability in the initial diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 583-586

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Giant parathyroid adenoma associated with severe hypercalcemia in an adolescent patient

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 587-592

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Personalized precision medicine in extreme preterm infants with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 593-596

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Pseudohypoaldosteronism types I and II: little more than a name in common

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 597-601

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Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease: literature review and case report of a 6-year-old boy

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 603-609

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Studying the association between methylene tetrahdrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 gene polymorphism, cardiovascular risk and lichen planus

Abstract

Background

There is a reported relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and lichen planus (LP). An increase in homocysteine (Hcy) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation has been described

Objective

To detect MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism, and to find its association with CVD risk, Hcy and folic acid levels in patients with LP

Methods

This hospital-based case-control study included 110 patients with LP; 70 with cutaneous LP (CLP) and 40 with oral LP (OLP). 120 age and sex matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Three ml venous blood sample was taken for detection of MTHFR gene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP technique and for measurement of the lipid profile. Hcy and folic acid were measured by ELISA. Hypertension was evaluated

Results

There were significantly higher prevalence of hypertension with higher Hcy, triglycerides and cholesterol levels and lower folic acid and HDL levels among patients' groups. Hypertension with higher Hcy and cholesterol levels together with lower folic acid and HDL levels have been found in OLP when compared to CLP. Patients showed a significant higher percentage of the MTHFR 677 TT genotype (P=0.003) and of the MTHFR 677 T allele (P=0.042) compared to controls. Moreover, there was higher a prevalence of MTHFR 677 T allele in patients with CLP.

Conclusion

MTHFR 677 gene polymorphism may be a risk factor for the development of the LP, and to predispose these patients to higher risk of CVD.

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Bacterial adhesion not inhibited by ion-releasing bioactive glass filler

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Kumiko Yoshihara, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Yukinori Maruo, Hidehiko Sano, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Bart Van Meerbeek
ObjectiveBioactive glasses and surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (sPRG) filler possess cariostatic properties owing to ion release. Many studies investigated potential cariostatic effects; few studies evaluated the surface stability and the structural changes their surfaces undergo in acidic conditions.MethodsThe surface resistance against acid attack and the surface receptiveness for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of a sPRG-filled (Beautifil ll, Shofu) and conventional glass-filled (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr) resin-based composite (RBC), and a conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC; Fuji IX GP Extra, GC) were examined. Specimens (n=3) were immersed in distilled water or lactic acid (pH 4.0) for 3 days. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation were recorded using optical density and SEM.ResultsUpon 3-day immersion in lactic acid, the surface of the sPRG-filled RBC revealed multiple holes, while virtually no change in surface integrity was observed for the conventional RBC and GIC. Bacterial growth measurements revealed that none of the materials inhibited Streptococcus mutans (p<0.05). Remarkably, cross-sectional SEM revealed that S. mutans had penetrated the etch pits induced by lactic acid in/around the sPRG filler. Ion-release measurements revealed that sPRG-filled RBC released boron and fluoride, while GIC only released fluoride. However, the concentration of ions released by both materials appeared not sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth. Moreover, the structural surface change and resultant increased surface roughness appeared to have promoted biofilm formation.SignificanceWhile having bioactive potential through ion release, the stability of surface integrity of bioactive materials is a key-parameter to be assessed with regard to their cariostatic potential.

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Unbound monomers do diffuse through the dentin barrier

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Kods Mahdhaoui, Benjamin Fournier, Mathieu A. Derbanne
ObjectivesAssessing the role of dentinal fluid proteins in trans-dentinal diffusion of free monomers in vitro.MethodsAn artificial pulp chamber (APC) topped human dentin disks was used. A simplified two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive was formulated with 2-hydroethyl-methacrylate (HEMA), Bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-methacrylate (BisGMA), using Camphorquinone/tertiary amine as initiators. Two extraction media were used: buffered saline (Control), buffered saline with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Samples were acid-etched, rinsed, air dried. Simplified primer was used, adhesive applied then light cured with a LED curing. Monomer diffusion was assessed by reverse phase HPLC.ResultsQuantifiable amounts of HEMA were detected in both extraction media while BisGMA was present in quantifiable amounts in BSA medium only. Diffused monomers concentrations were significantly higher for both monomers in BSA extraction medium.SignificanceAlbumin is sometimes referred to as taxi protein for its ability to bind and transport hydrophobic ligands. From our results, we hypothesized that albumin can also transport unbound monomers released from dental adhesive through the dentin barrier. However, dentinal fluid proteins like albumin could have significant effect on monomer diffusion through dentin to the dental pulp transporting highly hydrophobic molecules like BisGMA and enhancing diffusion of more hydrophilic ones like HEMA. These results demonstrate a new possible mechanism for cytotoxicity of resin monomers.

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Development of a financially viable model for the management of mandibular fractures as day cases in a level 1 major trauma centre

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): J. Haq, J. Olding, S. Chegini, C. Huppa, R. Bentley, K. Fan
There is a subgroup of patients with mandibular fractures who could safely and effectively be managed in an outpatient day-care unit. Suitability depends on medical, social, and operative factors, and identification of the correct criteria will govern management after that in the emergency department. Reduced use of beds would lead to less money being spent on emergency treatment, and increased capacity for elective surgery. The aims of this study were to identify a group of patients with mandibular fractures whose duration of operation and period of recovery would be suitable for treatment in the day-care unit, and to evaluate the potential financial benefits. Inpatients were assessed for day surgery using medical, social, and surgical criteria. Each patient's suitability for discharge was assessed two, three, and five hours postoperatively. A financial feasibility study was made retrospectively on a larger sample of patients with mandibular fractures. The discharge criteria from the day-care unit were fully met by 26/40 patients at five hours postoperatively, mean (range) duration of operation was 145 (40–285) minutes, and mean (SD) Mandibular Injury Severity Score was 13 (3), range 7–20. When all the criteria were combined (n=100), 12 of the patients were suitable for day care. With 24 bed-day savings/100 patients, potential earnings would increase to around £80 000/year at this hospital. In conclusion, we have identified a group of patients who were suitable for management of mandibular fractures in the day-care unit. Considerable cost savings are anticipated.

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Use of couplers for vascular anastomoses in 601 free flaps for reconstruction of defects of the head and neck: technique and two-year retrospective clinical study

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): A. Assoumane, L. Wang, K. Liu, Z.-J. Shang
We describe our experience with the use of 854 couplers for venous or arterial anastomoses, or both, in 601 free flaps for reconstruction of defects of the head and neck. We reviewed 601 patients who had had free flaps (with the microvascular anastomoses being made with couplers in 519) between July 2013 and December 2015. Personal details, and clinical data including the site of the defect, the tumour excised, the types of flaps, the size of the couplers, the method of anastomosis (venous or arterial) in which the coupler was used, and postoperative complications were recorded. There were 417 men (69%) and 184 women (31%), mean (range) age 53 (13–91) years. Four types of flaps were used: anterolateral thigh flap (n=232), radial forearm flap (n=223), fibula free flap (n=78), and iliac crest flap (n=68). The sizes of couplers ranged from 1–4mm, most being 2mm (n=158), followed by 1.5mm (n=122). The recipient vessels used included a single vein (n=348), two veins (n=406), and both vein and artery (n=100). The overall success rate was 99%, and eight patients required resuture, which was successful in each case. This retrospective study shows that a coupler is easy to use, and is a reliable and time-saving technique for microvascular anastomosis. However, the disadvantage is the cost of the instrument, which in less developed countries will limit its use.

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Spinal activation of the NPY Y1 receptor reduces mechanical and cold allodynia in rats with chronic constriction injury

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Mariana Malet, Candelaria Leiguarda, Guillermo Gastón, Carly McCarthy, Pablo Brumovsky
Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and its associated receptors Y1R and Y2R have been previously implicated in the spinal modulation of neuropathic pain induced by total or partial sectioning of the sciatic nerve. However, their role in chronic constrictive injuries of the sciatic nerve has not yet been described. In the present study, we analyzed the consequences of pharmacological activation of spinal Y1R, by using the specific Y1R agonist Leu³¹Pro³⁴-NPY, in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). CCI and sham-injury rats were implanted with a permanent intrathecal catheter (at day 7 after injury), and their response to the administration of different doses (2.5, 5, 7, 10 or 20μg) of Leu³¹Pro³⁴-NPY (at a volume of 10μl) through the implanted catheter, recorded 14days after injury. Mechanical allodynia was tested by means of the up-and-down method, using von Frey filaments. Cold allodynia was tested by application of an acetone drop to the affected hindpaw. Intrathecal Leu³¹Pro³⁴-NPY induced an increase of mechanical thresholds in rats with CCI, starting at doses of 5μg and becoming stronger with higher doses. Intrathecal Leu³¹Pro³⁴ also resulted in reductions in the frequency of withdrawal to cold stimuli, although the effect was somewhat more moderate and mostly observed for doses of 7μg and higher. We thus show that spinal activation of the Y1R is able to reduce neuropathic pain due to a chronic constrictive injury and, together with other studies, support the use of a spinal Y1R agonist as a therapeutic agent against chronic pain induced by peripheral neuropathy.

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Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamic of global grassland carbon use efficiency in response to climate change from 2000 to 2013

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 81
Author(s): Yue Yang, Zhaoqi Wang, Jianlong Li, Chencheng Gang, Yanzhen Zhang, Inakwu Odeh, Jiaguo Qi
The carbon use efficiency (CUE) of grassland, a ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross primary productivity (GPP), is an important index representing the capacity of plants to transfer carbon from the atmosphere to terrestrial biomass. In this study, we used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to calculate the global grassland CUE, and explore the spatiotemporal dynamic of global grassland CUE from 2000 to 2013 to discuss the response to climate variations. The results showed that the average annual CUE of different grassland types follows an order of: open shrublands > non-woody grasslands > closed shrublands > woody savannas > savannas. The higher grassland CUE mainly occurred in the regions with cold and dry climate. By contrast, the regions with the lower grassland CUE were mostly in warm and wet environments. Moreover, the CUE exhibited a globally positive correlation with precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature. Therefore, the grassland CUE has considerable spatial variation associated with grassland type, geographical location and climate change.

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Anti-inflammatory action of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3-prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ) suppresses both the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways of TLR4 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Hyun Ju Woo, Do Youn Jun, Ji Young Lee, Hae Sun Park, Mi Hee Woo, Sook Jahr Park, Sang Chan Kim, Chae Ha Yang, Young Ho Kim
Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe roots of Rubia cordifolia L. have been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Northeast Asia for treatment of inflammatory diseases.Aim of the studyTo elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3- prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ), purified from the roots of R. cordifolia L. as the major anti-inflammatory component, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells.Materials and methodsAnti-inflammatory activity of CMEP-NQ was investigated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells by measuring the levels of NO, PGE2, and cytokines (IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the culture supernatants and the TLR4-mediated intracellular events including association of MyD88 with IRAK1, activation of IRAK1, TAK1, MAPKs, NF-κB/AP-1, and IRF3, and generation of ROS.ResultsPretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with CMEP-NQ reduced LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. CMEP-NQ also reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by down-regulating mRNA levels. Under these conditions, TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent events were inhibited by CMEP-NQ, including the association of MyD88 with IRAK1, phosphorylation of IRAK1, TAK1, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK), and activation of NF-κB and AP-1. As TRIF-dependent events of TLR4 signaling, phosphorylation of IRF3 and induction of iNOS protein expression were also inhibited by CMEP-NQ. However, the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to cell surface TLR4 was not influenced by CMEP-NQ. Following LPS stimulation, intracellular ROS production was first detected by DCFH-DA staining at 1h; thereafter, it continuously increased until 16h. Although CMEP-NQ failed to exhibit DPPH radical- or ABTS radical-scavenging activity in vitro, LPS-induced ROS production in RAW264.7 cells was more efficiently blocked by CMEP-NQ than by NAC.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the suppressive effect of CMEP-NQ on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells was mainly exerted via its inhibitory function toward TLR4-mediated proximal events, such as MyD88-dependent NF-κB/AP-1 activation and ROS production, and TRIF-dependent IRF3 activation.

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Dalbergia odorifera extract promotes angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGFRs and PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways

Publication date: 23 May 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 204
Author(s): Zhu-Ming Fan, Da-Ying Wang, Jian-Mei Yang, Zhi-Xiu Lin, Yun-Xiao Lin, Ai-Lin Yang, Hua Fan, Min Cao, Su-yun Yuan, Zong-jun Liu, Xin Zhou, You-Hua Wang
Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe heart wood of Dalbergia odorifera is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used for the treatment of various ischemic diseases in Chinese medicine practice.Aim of the studyIn this study, therapeutic angiogenesis effects of the Dalbergia odorifera extract (DOE) were investigated on transgenic zebrafish in vivo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro.Materials and methodsThe pro-angiogenic effects of DOE on zebrafish were examined by subintestinal vessels (SIVs) sprouting assay and intersegmental vessels (ISVs) injury assay. And the pro-angiogenic effects of DOE on HUVECs were examined by MTT, scratch assay, protein chip and western blot.ResultsIn the in vivo studies, we found that DOE was able to dose-dependently promote angiogenesis in zebrafish SIVs area. In addition, DOE could also restore the injury in zebrafish ISVs area and upregulate the reduced mRNA expression of VEGFRs including kdr, kdrl and flt-1 induced by VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor II (VRI). In the in vitro studies, we observed that DOE promoted the proliferation, migration of HUVECs and also restored the injury induced by VRI. Moreover, protein chip and western blot experiments showed the PI3K/MAPK cell proliferation/migration pathway were activated by DOE.ConclusionsDOE has a therapeutic effects on angiogenesis, and its mechanism may be related to adjusting the VEGFRs mRNA and activation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathway. These results suggest a strong potential for Dalbergia odorifera to be developed as an angiogenesis-promoting therapeutic.

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Danshen Injection Prevents Heart Failure by Attenuating Post-infarct Remodeling

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Lingyan Wang, Jiahui Yu, Patrick Asare Fordjour, Xiaoxue Xing, Hui Gao, Yanyan Li, Lingyan Li, Yan Zhu, Xiumei Gao, Guanwei Fan
Ethnopharmacological relevanceDanshen Injection (DSI) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Danshen, prepared from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danshen is an ancient antipyretic traditional Chinese medicine which is mostly used to improve blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Danshen decoction or liquor-fried Danshen (with grain-based liquor) which is cool in nature is traditionally used to 'cool the blood' and reduce the swelling of sores and abscesses.Aim of studyThe present study aimed to examine the effect and mechanism of DSI in LAD induced heart injury.Materials and methodsOne day after LAD surgery, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups: MI group; DSI group (1.5ml/kg/d, intramuscular); and Valsartan group (10mg/kg/d, intragastric). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements (Pressure-Volume loop) were performed to evaluate cardiac function. Pathological methods (Masson, and Sirus red staining) were used to check myocardial fibrosis. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2. RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of MMP-9, MPO, iNOS, Bcl-2 and Bax.ResultsDSI administration to LAD rats resulted in improved cardiac functions, hemodynamic parameters and normalized ventricular mass. Furthermore, DSI-treated group demonstrated potential regulation of myocardial collagen I and III deposition associated with MMP-2 expression. Also, DSI administration decreased gene expression of iNOS, MPO and MMP-9, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio.ConclusionMyocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hemodynamic deterioration as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunctions which characterize a failing hearts were significantly prevented by DSI. Our study may provide future directions to focus on the anti-hypertrophic mechanisms of DSI and pathological roles played by MMP-2 in myocardial hypertrophy. Meanwhile, DSI also performed the effect of anti-inflammation by the way of decreasing iNOS and MPO. The way Danshen Injection increasing Bcl-2/Bax presented the possibility that it may has the effect of inhibiting cell death.

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the major phenolics from Zygophyllum simplex L

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Author(s): Hossam M. Abdallah, Ahmed Esmat
Ethnopharmacological relevanceZygophyllum simplex L. is a halophyte plant that follows Zygophyllaceae. The plant is growing in arid and semiarid regions. It has been used traditionally in Arabic region to treat gout, asthma and inflammation.Aim of studyAlthough ant-inflammatory activity has been reported for this plant, this study aimed to isolate and identify the major constituents of Zygophyllum simplex L., as well as assessing their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in-vitro. In this study, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was assessed.Materials and methodsDefatted fraction of the total methanol extract of the aerial parts of Z. simplex was repeatedly chromatographed on Diaion HP-20, polyamide, and RP18 columns to give five major phenolic compounds. The identity of the purified compounds was established by NMR experiments and comparing with previously known analogs. Moreover, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the purified phenolics were investigated in-vitro through measuring of NFκB, PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).ResultsPhytochemical investigation of the flowering aerial parts of Z. simplex resulted in isolation of five major metabolites identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (1), myricitrin (2), luteolin-7- O-β-D-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(4), and isorhamnetin (5). It is noteworthy to report that compounds 1–3 were isolated from the plant for the first time. It was reported that NFκB represents an important linkage between oxidative stress and inflammation. Compounds 2 and 3 have exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and showed the most efficient in decreasing NFκB p65 at the lowest concentration (1µM). Moreover; at 1µM concentrations, only compounds 2 and 3 significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels from PHA treatment. Nevertheless, at 100µM, all isolated metabolites significantly decreased IL-6 compared to PHA treatment.ConclusionFive major phenolic compounds were isolated from Z. simplex. Anti-inflammatory activity exhibited by the isolated compounds augment the traditional use of this plant as anti-inflammatory. The effect was mediated via inhibition of NFκB through antioxidant mechanism and subsequent inhibition to other inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.

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Haplotypes of the RANK and OPG genes are associated with chronic arthralgia in individuals with and without temporomandibular disorders

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): L.L. Bonato, V. Quinelato, R. Borojevic, A.R. Vieira, A. Modesto, J.M. Granjeiro, R. Tesch, P.L. Casado
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and the comorbid presence of chronic systemic arthralgia in patients with articular temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Subjects were evaluated for the presence of TMD and asked about the presence of chronic joint pain. Four groups were included in the study: articular TMD and systemic arthralgia (n=85), no articular TMD and systemic arthralgia (n=82), articular TMD and no systemic arthralgia (n=21), no articular TMD and no systemic arthralgia (control, n=72). A total of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes were investigated. In the statistical analysis, a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. For the OPG gene, an association was observed between the group with chronic arthralgia and joint TMD and the control group (P=0.04). There was also a tendency towards an association of the haplotype CGCCAA with an increased risk of developing chronic joint pain, even in the absence of TMD (P=0.06). For the RANK gene, the AGTGC haplotype was associated with the lowest risk of presenting chronic joint pain in individuals without TMD (P=0.03). This study supports the hypothesis that changes in the OPG and RANK genes influence the presence of chronic joint pain in individuals with and without TMD.

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Developing a stable point: Evaluating the temporal and geographic consistency of Late Prehistoric unnotched triangular point functional design in Midwestern North America

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 47
Author(s): Michelle Rae Bebber, Stephen J. Lycett, Metin I. Eren
The occurrence of unnotched triangular points is exceptional in the North American archaeological record. The study of these items can shed light on selective forces that influence the evolution of prehistoric weaponry, especially that which involves small stone tipped projectiles, which is itself a global phenomenon during the late Pleistocene and continuing throughout the Holocene. Following Engelbrecht's (2015) analysis of points from the Eaton site (1550 CE) in western New York, we assessed potential functional–design characteristics of a large sample of complete and broken unnotched-triangular points from Blain Village, Ohio, an archaeological context several centuries older than, and approximately 550km southwest of, the Eaton site. We compared our archaeological results to patterns of both experimental point breakage and practical morphometric thresholds for successfully hunting deer. Our results showed that the complete Blain points possessed on average significantly lower length-to-width ratios and significantly higher thickness-to-length ratios relative to the broken ones. Moreover, all points – complete and broken – possessed basal widths under 5cm and maximum thicknesses under 1.1cm. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Late Prehistoric points were designed to effectively penetrate the thoracic cavity of a deer, as well as potentially cause greater trauma during warfare through breakage. Moreover, given that these results are fully consistent with Engelbrecht's (2015) analysis from the Eaton site, our results indicate that there was a broad, strong selective pressure (i.e., functionally related biases) driving the design stability of unnotched triangular points across the Midwest for an extended period. The principles and methods we use are broadly applicable, especially in terms of using quantitative information derived from experiments to guide our understanding of factors influencing morphometric variation in archaeological points.

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Shellfish, water, and entanglements: Inter-community interaction and exchange in the Huanangue Valley, Peru

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 47
Author(s): Kasia Szremski
Though there is a wide and diverse body of literature on interaction theory in the social sciences, it is only recently that the economic, political, and cultural implications of interaction have been studied in ancient Andean societies. This paper explores the outcomes of interaction between Chancay settlers and local chaupiyunginos in the Huanangue Valley, Peru, during the Late Intermediate Period (1100–1470 CE). Drawing from entanglement theory—which explores the complex types of relationships that develop between groups when exotic goods are inserted into local systems of value (Dietler, 1998, 2010; Hodder, 2012)—I argue that intergroup exchange and resource sharing could draw small scale groups living on the western slopes of the Andes into webs of interdependency. Using a combination of ethnohistoric and archaeological data, I argue that Chancay colonists became entangled with local chaupiyunginos due to the Chancay's need for irrigation water and the chaupiyungino's desire for marine goods. Furthermore, though many cases of entanglement lead to one group being subjugated by the other, the Chancay's economic power and the chaupiyungino's tactical power may have prevented this from happening.

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Pain-motor integration in the primary motor cortex in Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): A. Suppa, C. Leone, F. Di Stasio, L. Marsili, A. Di Santo, A. Biasiotta, S. La Cesa, A. Truini, G. Cruccu, A. Berardelli
BackgroundIn Parkinson's disease (PD), the influence of chronic pain on motor features has never been investigated. We have recently designed a technique that combines nociceptive system activation by laser stimuli and primary motor cortex (M1) activation through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in a laser-paired associative stimulation design (Laser-PAS). In controls, Laser-PAS induces long-term changes in motor evoked potentials reflecting M1 long-term potentiation-like plasticity, arising from pain-motor integration.ObjectiveWe here examined the possible influence of chronic pain on motor responses to Laser-PAS in patients with PD, with and without chronic pain.MethodsWe compared motor responses to Laser-PAS in healthy subjects and in patients with PD, with and without chronic pain.ResultsUnlike controls, we found reduced responses to Laser-PAS in patients with PD, with and without pain. Patients off and on dopaminergic therapy had similar responses to Laser-PAS. When comparing responses to Laser-PAS in patients with and without pain, the two patients' subgroups had similar abnormalities. When we compared patients with pain in the body region investigated with Laser-PAS, with those with pain in other body regions, we found prominent changes in patients with homotopic pain. Finally, when comparing Laser-PAS with the original PAS protocol, which combines electric peripheral nerve stimuli and TMS, in patients without pain and those with homotopic pain, we found similar responses to both techniques in patients without pain, whereas Laser-PAS induced greater abnormalities than PAS in patients with pain.ConclusionsIn PD, chronic pain degrades response to Laser-PAS through abnormal pain-motor integration.

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On the effectiveness of event-related beta tACS on episodic memory formation and motor cortex excitability

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): Verena Braun, Rodika Sokoliuk, Simon Hanslmayr
BackgroundTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is widely used to entrain or modulate brain oscillations in order to investigate causal relationships between oscillations and cognition.ObjectiveIn a series of experiments we here addressed the question of whether event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range can be used to entrain beta oscillations in two different domains: episodic memory formation and motor cortex excitability.MethodsIn experiments 1 and 2, 72 healthy human participants engaged in an incidental encoding task of verbal and non-verbal material while receiving tACS to the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) at 6.8Hz, 10.7Hz, 18.5Hz, 30Hz, 48Hz and sham stimulation for 2s during stimulus presentation.In experiment 3, tACS was administered for 10s to M1 at the individual motor beta frequency of eight subjects. We investigated the relationship between the size of TMS induced MEPs and tACS phase.ResultsBeta tACS did not affect memory performance compared to sham stimulation in experiments 1 and 2. Likewise, in experiment 3, MEP size was not modulated by the tACS phase.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range cannot be used to modulate the formation of episodic memories or motor cortex excitability. These null-results question the effectiveness of event-related tACS to entrain beta oscillations and modulate cognition.

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Comparison and evaluation of risk factors for meningeal, pleural, and extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors: A clinicopathological study of 92 cases confirmed by STAT6 immunohistochemical staining

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Ji Min Kima, Yoon-La Choia, Hyung Kyu Parka
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are an uncommon type of mesenchymal tumors that are presumably fibroblastic in nature. SFTs are translocation-associated neoplasms that can be consistently diagnosed through the evaluation of NAB2/STAT6 gene fusion. Currently, SFTs have a different grading system and criteria according to their primary sites, and the differences and similarities in SFTs according to their primary sites are still poorly understood. Therefore, we compared SFTs according to their primary sites and histologic appearance, and validated the current grading system of SFTs.A total of 92 patients (with 15 meningeal, 30 pleural, and 37 extrapleural SFTs) were evaluated. The patients with pleural SFTs (mean age: 60.2 years) showed a significantly increased age at diagnosis. Tumors with hemangiopericytoma-predominant morphology had significantly higher grades in the evaluation of several risk factors such as cellularity (P<0.001), pleomorphism (P=0.001), and mitotic activity (P<0.001). Consequently, hemangiopericytoma (HPC)-predominant tumors had a significantly higher recurrence rate. The meningeal SFT group had significantly higher proportion of the HPC-predominant histologic phenotype compared with pleural or extrapleural SFTs (66.67% vs. 5.00% or 18.92%, respectively; P<0.001). Consequently, meningeal SFTs showed significantly higher recurrence rates compared with pleural or extrapleural SFTs (33.33% vs. 12.50% or 2.70%, respectively; P=0.009). Regarding the evaluation of risk factors, a tumor size ≥10cm (P=0.017), a mitotic index ≥4/10 high power fields (HPFs) (P=0.001), high tumor cellularity (P=0.003), high nuclear pleomorphism (P=0.005), and tumor necrosis (P=0.004) were associated with both recurrence and disease-specific mortality. Upon evaluation of the usefulness of the criteria using previously described factors, the predictive model was on the borderline of validation. Of the five factors indicated in the log rank test, only a mitotic index ≥4/10 HPFs remained a significant factor in the multivariate Cox model.

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High temporal resolution modelling of environmentally-dependent seabird ammonia emissions: Description and testing of the GUANO model

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 161
Author(s): S.N. Riddick, T.D. Blackall, U. Dragosits, Y.S. Tang, A. Moring, F. Daunt, S. Wanless, K.C. Hamer, M.A. Sutton
Many studies in recent years have highlighted the ecological implications of adding reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial ecosystems. Seabird colonies represent a situation with concentrated sources of Nr, through excreted and accumulated guano, often occurring in otherwise nutrient-poor areas. To date, there has been little attention given to modelling N flows in this context, and particularly to quantifying the relationship between ammonia (NH3) emissions and meteorology. This paper presents a dynamic mass-flow model (GUANO) that simulates temporal variations in NH3 emissions from seabird guano. While the focus is on NH3 emissions, the model necessarily also treats the interaction with wash-off as far as this affects NH3. The model is validated using NH3 emissions measurements from seabird colonies across a range of climates, from sub-polar to tropical. In simulations for hourly time-resolved data, the model is able to capture the observed dependence of NH3 emission on environmental variables. With temperature and wind speed having the greatest effects on emission for the cases considered. In comparison with empirical data, the percentage of excreted nitrogen that volatilizes as NH3 is found to range from 2% to 67% (based on measurements), with the GUANO model providing a range of 2%–82%. The model provides a tool that can be used to investigate the meteorological dependence of NH3 emissions from seabird guano and provides a starting point to refine models of NH3 emissions from other sources.

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The reliability of the Adelaide in-shoe foot model

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 56
Author(s): Chris Bishop, Susan Hillier, Dominic Thewlis
Understanding the biomechanics of the foot is essential for many areas of research and clinical practice such as orthotic interventions and footwear development. Despite the widespread attention paid to the biomechanics of the foot during gait, what largely remains unknown is how the foot moves inside the shoe. This study investigated the reliability of the Adelaide In-Shoe Foot Model, which was designed to quantify in-shoe foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. Intra-rater reliability was assessed in 30 participants over five walking trials whilst wearing shoes during two data collection sessions, separated by one week. Sufficient reliability for use was interpreted as a coefficient of multiple correlation and intra-class correlation coefficient of >0.61. Inter-rater reliability was investigated separately in a second sample of 10 adults by two researchers with experience in applying markers for the purpose of motion analysis. The results indicated good consistency in waveform estimation for most kinematic and kinetic data, as well as good inter-and intra-rater reliability. The exception is the peak medial ground reaction force, the minimum abduction angle and the peak abduction/adduction external hindfoot joint moments which resulted in less than acceptable repeatability. Based on our results, the Adelaide in-shoe foot model can be used with confidence for 24 commonly measured biomechanical variables during shod walking.

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The reliability of the Adelaide in-shoe foot model

The effectiveness of earmuffs on the physiologic and behavioral stability in preterm infants

Publication date: July 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 98
Author(s): Nasrin Khalesi, Nastaran Khosravi, Azadeh Ranjbar, Zahra Godarzi, Alireza Karimi
BackgroundThe use of earmuffs can protect preterm infants against negative effects of high noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the earmuffs on the physiologic and behavioral responses in preterm infants.MethodsA crossed over controlled trial was conducted at Aliasghar Hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2014. Thirty-six preterm infants cared in closed incubators, 18 cases wore a pair of silicon earmuffs in the first day and the others were worn it at the second day. During 2 consecutive days, all subjects were observed as their own controls (without earmuffs). Physiologic (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic, diastolic pressures, arterial Oxygen Saturation) and behavioral responses (according to the Anderson behavioral state scoring system) were assessed every 2 h for 8 h long during daytime for two consecutive days.ResultsThe application of earmuffs could decrease the rate of the heart and respiratory while could increase the amount of oxygen saturation (p < 0.05). The results also showed that the preterm infants with earmuffs had lower ABSS score and a better light sleep compared to those without earmuffs (2.38 ± 0.47 versus 4.8 ± 0.97, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicated that using the earmuffs reduces the level of noise in NICUs following by improving the preterm neonates' physiological stability and behavioral states of ABSS.

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The effectiveness of earmuffs on the physiologic and behavioral stability in preterm infants

Publication date: July 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 98
Author(s): Nasrin Khalesi, Nastaran Khosravi, Azadeh Ranjbar, Zahra Godarzi, Alireza Karimi
BackgroundThe use of earmuffs can protect preterm infants against negative effects of high noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the earmuffs on the physiologic and behavioral responses in preterm infants.MethodsA crossed over controlled trial was conducted at Aliasghar Hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2014. Thirty-six preterm infants cared in closed incubators, 18 cases wore a pair of silicon earmuffs in the first day and the others were worn it at the second day. During 2 consecutive days, all subjects were observed as their own controls (without earmuffs). Physiologic (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic, diastolic pressures, arterial Oxygen Saturation) and behavioral responses (according to the Anderson behavioral state scoring system) were assessed every 2 h for 8 h long during daytime for two consecutive days.ResultsThe application of earmuffs could decrease the rate of the heart and respiratory while could increase the amount of oxygen saturation (p < 0.05). The results also showed that the preterm infants with earmuffs had lower ABSS score and a better light sleep compared to those without earmuffs (2.38 ± 0.47 versus 4.8 ± 0.97, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicated that using the earmuffs reduces the level of noise in NICUs following by improving the preterm neonates' physiological stability and behavioral states of ABSS.

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Urothelial carcinoma involving the ureteral orifice: A clinicopathologic analysis of 93 cases

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Anand C. Annan, Keith A. Stevens, Adeboye O. Osunkoya
Although tumors involving the bladder and ureter have been well described, there are only few studies in the pathology literature specifically analyzing tumors involving the ureteral orifice (UO). A search was performed for biopsy and resection specimens (transurethral resection, radical cystectomy/cystoprostatectomy, nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff resection) of urothelial carcinoma (UCa) involving the UO. Ninety three cases were identified. Sixty two (67%) patients were male. Mean patient age was 71years (range: 43–91years). Forty two of 93 (45%) cases were invasive UCa (41 high-grade UCa; 1 low-grade UCa); 17/42 (40%) were invasive into muscularis propria. Tumor laterality was as follows: right side, 43 (46% of cases); left side, 42 (45%); bilateral, 4 (4.5%); and in 4 cases (4.5%) the laterality was not specified by the Urologist. Seven cases of UCa with variant histology were also identified. Five patients had lymph node (LN) metastasis at the time of resection, and another 3 presented with LN or distant metastasis after resection (range: 4–38months). Although this study focused primarily on the index tumor involving the UO (Group 1 cases are those with only UO involvement), in 70/93 (75%) cases (Group 2 cases), at least one other tumor was located at another site within the bladder. The fact that the majority of cases (75%) had tumors located at other sites of the bladder, emphasizes that careful examination of the UO needs to be performed by both Urologists and Pathologists when examining cases of UCa of the bladder.

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Shoe Orthotics for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Jerrilyn A. Cambron, Jennifer M. Dexheimer, Manuel Duarte, Sally Freels
ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of shoe orthotics with and without chiropractic treatment for chronic low back pain as compared to no treatment.DesignRandomized Controlled TrialSettingAn integrative medicine teaching clinic at a Midwestern university.ParticipantsTwo hundred and twenty-five adult subjects with symptomatic low back pain of 3 months or longer were recruited from a volunteer sample.InterventionsSubjects were randomized into one of three treatment groups (Orthotics, Plus, and Wait-list Groups). The Orthotics Group received custom-made shoe orthotics The Plus Group received custom-made orthotics plus chiropractic manipulation, hot or cold packs, and manual soft tissue massage. The Wait-list Group received no care.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measures were change in perceived back pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and functional health status (Oswestry) after 6 weeks of study participation. Outcomes were also assessed after 12 weeks and then after an additional 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsAfter six weeks, all three groups demonstrated significant within-group improvement in average back pain, but only the Orthotics and Plus Groups had significant within-group improvement in function. When compared to the Wait-list Group, the Orthotics Group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in pain (p<0.0001) and function (p=0.0068). The addition of chiropractic to orthotics treatment demonstrated significantly greater improvements in function (p=0.0278) when compared to orthotics alone, but no significant difference in pain (p=0.3431). Group differences at 12 weeks and later were not significant.ConclusionsSix weeks of prescription shoe orthotics significantly improved back pain and dysfunction compared to no treatment. The addition of chiropractic care led to higher improvements in function.

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The Six-Minute Walk (6MWT) as a measure Walking capacity (WC) in Ambulatory Individual with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ambALS)

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Mohammed Sanjak, Velma Langford, Scott Holsten, Nigel Rozario, Charity G. Moore Patterson, Elena Bravver, William L. Bockenek, Benjamin R. Brooks
ObjectiveTo determine the validity of the 6MWT as an outcome measure to evaluate WC in ambALS.Design: Observational study. Participants performed 6MWT, 25FWT, TUG, lower extremity maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), ALSFRS-R, and forced vital capacity (FVC).SettingMultidisciplinary ALS clinic at an academic medical center.Participants: AmbALS (N=186) who ambulate without (stage I) or with (stage II) assistive device.Interventions: Not applicable.Main outcome measures: Walking distance obtained from 6MWT.ResultsWC was reduced to 66% predicted of normal controls [75.2% ± 22 in stage I, and 42.6% ± 22 in stage II]. The 6MWT correlated with all other outcome measures in ambALS [25FWT (r=-0.74, p≤0.0001), TUG (r=-0.80, p≤0.0001), MVIC (r=0.64, p≤0.0001), percentage of predicted FVC (FVC%) (r=0.25, p≤0.0007), ALSFRS-R (r=0.52, p≤0.0001), and ALSFRS-GM (r=0.71, p≤0.0001)]. When ambALS were stratified by stage of ambulation, the 6MWT was associated with all other outcome measures in stage I [25FWT (r=-0.56, p≤0.0001), TUG (r=-0.66, p≤0.0001), MVIC (r=0.51, p≤0.0001), FVC% (r=0.40, p≤0.02), ALSFRS-R (r=0.52, p≤0.0001), and ALSFRS-R-GM (r=0.61, p≤0.0001)]. In stage II, the 6MWT correlated with 25FWT (r=-0.83, p≤0.0001), TUG (r=-0.77, p≤0.0001), MVIC (r=0.47, p≤0.0001), and ALSFRS-GM (r=0.61, p≤0.0001), but not with FVC% (r=0.09, p≤0.513) or ALSFRS-R (r=0.21, p≤0.141).resultsConclusionsThe 6MWT is a valid measure of WC of ambALS that is associated with measures of lower extremity muscle strength and function in both stages of ambulation. The discordance between the 6MWT with the ALSFRS-R and FVC% in stage II ambALS indicates that the 6MWT is an independent measure of ambulatory function in both stages of ambulation. The 6MWT may provide a quantitative, simple, and inexpensive outcome measure of WC for early stage clinical trials in ambALS.conclusion

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Association of Pectoralis Minor Muscle Extensibility, Shoulder Mobility and Duration of Manual Wheelchair Use

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Margaret Finley, David Ebaugh
ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of pectoralis minor muscle (PMm) length and extensibility to shoulder pain, shoulder girdle motion, and duration of manual wheelchair (MWC) use and compare differences in muscle length, muscle extensibility, peak humeral elevation and pain among groups based on duration of wheelchair use.DesignCross-sectional cohort study;SettingLaboratory settingParticipantsTwenty-two individuals with SCI who used a MWC for daily community and home mobility (18 males, mean age 41.7 years, duration wheelchair use = 14.6 years). Participants were stratified into groups based on duration of wheelchair use: < 5 years (n=6), 5-15 years (n=8), >15 years (n=8).InterventionsNot applicable;Main Outcome Measure(s)Clinical measures of PMm length and extensibility, shoulder girdle motion, and shoulder pain (Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index).ResultsSignificant, high correlations were found among duration of wheelchair use, passive PMm length, passive PMm extensibility and peak humerothoracic elevation. Moderate correlation of peak humerothoracic elevation to pain was found. Individuals with >15 years wheelchair use have reduced PMm extensibility and reduced peak humerothoracic elevation compared to those with < 5 years duration of use.ConclusionsThis is the first investigation to identify the association of reduced PMm extensibility with reduced shoulder girdle mobility, pain, and duration of wheelchair use in individuals with SCI.

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Differences in body composition according to gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Ki Hyuk Sung, Chin Youb Chung, Kyoung Min Lee, Byung Chae Cho, Seung Jun Moon, Jaeyoung Kim, Moon Seok Park
ObjectivesTo assess differences in body composition according to gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) compared to healthy controls.DesignRetrospective case control study.Setting: Tertiary referral center for CPParticipantsOne hundred consecutive patients (mean age, 11.5 ± 4.2 years) with CP who were admitted for orthopedic surgery between May 2014 and March 2016 and 46 typically developing children (TDC, control group) were included.InterventionNot applicableMain Outcome MeasuresBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess body composition, including body fat, soft lean mass (SLM), fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body cell mass (BMC), bone mineral content (BMC), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Body composition measures were compared according to gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level, as well as between children with CP and TDC.ResultsChildren with CP with GMFCS levels IV and V had a lower height, weight, and body mass index than those with GMFCS levels I, II, and III. Children with CP with GMFCS levels IV and V had a significantly lower SLM, SLM index, FFM, FFM index, SMM, SMM index, BCM, BCM index, BMC, and BMC index than those with GMFCS levels I to III and TDC. GMFCS level significantly affected SLM and BMC.ConclusionsBody composition analysis using BIA showed that non-ambulatory children with CP had significantly lower FFM, SLM, SMM, BCM, and BMC than ambulatory children with CP and TDC. However, further study is required to allow the use of BIA as a valid nutritional assessment tool in patients with CP.

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The maximum tolerated dose of walking for community-dwelling people recovering from hip fracture: a dose-response trial

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Casey Peiris, Nora Shields, Michael Kingsley, Jack Yeung, Raphael Hau, Nicholas Taylor
ObjectiveTo determine how much moderate-intensity physical activity, in the form of walking, could be prescribed for people living in the community after hip fracture in terms of safety, tolerability and feasibility.DesignPhase I dose-response design.SettingParticipants were recruited from two public community rehabilitation centres in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling adults (n=21, 16 women, mean age ± SD, 75 ± 9 years) who were cognitively alert, attending community rehabilitation after a hip fracture (mean ± SD days post fracture, 110 ± 47 days), able to walk with or without a gait aid and for whom it was safe to participate in physical activity.InterventionIndividually supervised doses of moderate intensity walking completed in one week in addition to their usual levels of physical activity. Three participants were required to complete a dose of walking prior to dose escalation for the next cohort of three participants. Dose escalation ceased when more than one participant in a cohort had an adverse event or was unable to tolerate the dose or if the maximum dose of 150 minutes per week was achieved.Main Outcome MeasuresMaximum tolerated dose of walking per week (minutes), adverse events, mobility and walking confidence.ResultsThe maximum tolerated dose of walking for adults after hip fracture before significant discomfort was experienced (e.g. breathlessness, pain, fatigue) by any participant was 100 minutes per week. No adverse events occurred but participants began to be unable to tolerate higher doses beyond 100 minutes per week.ConclusionsThis provides preliminary evidence that community-dwelling older adults recovering from hip fracture can complete a sufficient amount of moderate intensity physical activity to maintain and improve their health.

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Dosage of preventive or therapeutic exercise interventions: review of published randomized controlled trials and survey of authors

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Marion Gallois, Thomas Davergne, Pauline Ledinot, Philippe Ravaud, Jean-Philippe Regnaux
ObjectiveTo describe the dose components and choice justifications in exercise interventions (EIs) in a convenient sample of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data SourcesWe searched the following databases: PubMed and CENTRAL in 2014.Study SelectionWe included published RCTs evaluating preventive or therapeutic interventions in people with clinical conditions or at risk to develop health problems.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated the adequacy of the justifications. We contacted and invited the trials authors to complete an online survey to ask for additional information on dose justifications and dose–effect relationship.Data SynthesisWe included 187 published RCTs. Of these, 68 (36%) reported a justification for the dose choice, 135 (72%) reported three doses components. Most reported components were duration (96%) and frequency (93%). Sixty-six survey responders (response rate 35%) provided additional information. When combining the publications and survey responses, 104 (56%) trials had a justification for the dose choice. We judged justifications adequate in 45 (43%) articles. From the survey responders, 39% indicated that intensity was the dose component that can have the greatest impact on their study results.ConclusionsMost of the published RCTs adequately reported the dose components of their EIs but only a small number provided sufficient justifications for dosage choices. Further studies are recommended to justify the EI dose choices.

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Impacts of Muscle Strength and Balance Control on Sit-To-Walk and Turn Durations in the Timed up and Go Test

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Tzurei Betty Chen, Li-Shan Chou
ObjectiveTo examine the association of muscle strength and balance control with the amount of time taken to perform sit-to-walk (STW) or turning components of Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in elderly adultsDesignCorrelations; multiple regression models.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsSixty elderly adults over the age of 70 years recruited from the community.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)Muscle strength, balance control and TUG performance time. Muscle strength was quantified by peak joint moments during the isometric maximal voluntary contraction test for bilateral hip abductors, knee extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. Balance control was assessed with Berg Balance Scale, Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, as well as the center of mass and ankle inclination angle derived during TUG performance.ResultsWe found that balance control measures were significantly associated with both STW and turning durations even after controlling for muscle strength and other confounders (STW duration: p < 0.001, turning duration: p = 0.001). Adding strength to the regression model was found to significantly improve its prediction of STW duration (F change = 5.945, p = 0.018), but not turning duration (F change = 1.03, p = 0.14).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that poor balance control is an important factor that contributes to longer STW and turning durations on the TUG. Furthermore, strength has a higher association with STW than turning duration.

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Measurement Characteristics and Clinical Utility of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in Individuals Experiencing Low Back Pain

Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Valerie J. Adams, Brianna Walker, Devin Jepson, Carly Cooper, Jordan Tyler, Derek Clewley, Sydney Rozenfeld, Kristian P. Nitsch

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Satiety regulation in children with loss of control eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A test meal study

Publication date: 1 September 2017
Source:Appetite, Volume 116
Author(s): Susanne Kurz, Dominik Schoebi, Daniela Dremmel, Wieland Kiess, Simone Munsch, Anja Hilbert
Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for excessive weight gain. However, it is unclear whether or not these children show disturbances in hunger and satiety regulation. The goal was to examine the food intake and sense of LOC over eating as well as LOC eating-related characteristics during test meal in children with LOC eating and ADHD. Children aged 8–13 y with LOC eating (n = 33), ADHD (n = 32), and matched healthy controls (n = 33), consumed a test meal consisting of their chosen lunch food, with the instruction to eat until feeling full. Sense of LOC over eating, desire to eat, feelings of hunger, and liking of food were repeatedly assessed during test meal. Children with LOC eating and ADHD did not show a higher food intake at maximum satiety compared to control children. Sense of LOC over eating was significantly higher in children with LOC eating compared to children with ADHD and matched controls. Secondary analyses revealed that children with LOC eating ate marginally faster than control children. Both children with LOC eating and ADHD reported greater desire to eat, feelings of hunger, and liking of food during test meal than control children. Even though the results did not reveal statistical evidence to support the assumption of a disturbed food intake in children with LOC eating and ADHD, LOC eating related characteristics were significantly higher in these children compared to the control children. Sense of LOC over eating was confirmed as a specific characteristic of LOC eating. The examination of behavioral indicators of hunger and satiety dysregulation should be complemented with physiological indicators in future research.

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When hunger does (or doesn't) increase unhealthy and healthy food consumption through food wanting: The distinctive role of impulsive approach tendencies toward healthy food

Publication date: 1 September 2017
Source:Appetite, Volume 116
Author(s): Boris Cheval, Catherine Audrin, Philippe Sarrazin, Luc Pelletier
ObjectiveHunger indirectly triggers unhealthy high-calorie food consumption through its positive effect on the incentive value (or "wanting") for food. Yet, not everyone consumes unhealthy food in excess, suggesting that some individuals react differently when they are exposed to unhealthy high-calorie food, even when they are hungry. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether individual differences in impulsive approach tendencies toward food may explain how, and for whom, hunger will influence unhealthy food consumption through its effect on food wanting. A complementary goal was to explore whether these individual differences also influence healthy food consumption.MethodsStudents (N = 70) completed a questionnaire measuring their hunger and food wanting. Then, they performed a manikin task designed to evaluate their impulsive approach tendencies toward unhealthy food (IAUF) and healthy food (IAHF). The main outcomes variables were the amount of sweets (i.e., unhealthy food) and raisins (i.e., healthy food) consumed during a product-testing task.ResultsA moderated mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of hunger on unhealthy consumption through food wanting was moderated by IAHF. Specifically, hunger positively predicted sweets consumption through wanting for food among individuals with a low or moderate, but not high IAHF. The moderated mediation pattern was, however, not confirmed for IAUF. Finally, results revealed a direct and positive effect of IAHF on raisins consumption.ConclusionThese findings showed that IAHF play a protective role by preventing hunger to indirectly increase unhealthy food consumption through wanting for food. It confirms the importance of considering how individuals may differ in their impulsive approach tendencies toward food to better understand why some individuals will increase their unhealthy food intake when they are hungry, whereas other will not.

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ΒΟΗΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΚΟΥΣΤΙΚΑ ΒΑΡΗΚΟΙΑΣ ΕΝΙΣΧΥΤΕΣ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΤΟΚΕΣ ΔΟΣΕΙΣ

ΒΟΗΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΚΟΥΣΤΙΚΑ ΒΑΡΗΚΟΙΑΣ ΕΝΙΣΧΥΤΕΣ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΤΟΚΕΣ ΔΟΣΕΙΣ

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Κυριακή, 30 Απριλίου 2017

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ΒΟΗΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΚΟΥΣΤΙΚΑ ΒΑΡΗΚΟΙΑΣ ΕΝΙΣΧΥΤΕΣ ΑΚΟΗΣ ΑΤΟΚΕΣ ΔΟΣΕΙΣ

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