Khushboo Phull, Rashmi Metgud, Shrikant Patel
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):570-575
Introduction: The odontogenic keratocyst is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, and transformation of keratinized epithelia to nonkeratinized squamous epithelium for which inflammation has been suggested to be responsible. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) an anti-apoptotic protein, prolongs the life span of epithelial cells and allows proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out comprising of 90 cases; (30 ameloblastoma, 30 keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), and 30 radicular cyst). Bcl-2 expression was determined with respect to localization, area (percentage) and intensity of stained cells in epithelium, and connective tissue stroma by counting the endothelial, round, and fusiform cells. Results: In epithelium bcl-2 expression in KCOTs was higher followed by ameloblastoma and lowest in the radicular cyst. Whereas, in connective tissue stroma bcl-2 expression was higher in KCOT and radicular cyst than ameloblastoma cases. Solid variants showed statistically higher expression as compared to the unicystic variants of ameloblastoma (P = 0.009, 0.033, 0.011, and 0.041). Conclusion: High expression of bcl-2 in KCOT supports the general agreement that some features of KCOT are those of a neoplasia. The bcl-2 expression in connective tissue cells suggests that these cells may also be important as epithelial cells in the biological behavior odontogenic keratocyst.
http://ift.tt/2iLPsqP
Πέμπτη, 31 Αυγούστου 2017
Physical activity influences the immune system of breast cancer patients
Thorsten Schmidt, Marion van Mackelenbergh, Daniela Wesch, Christoph Mundhenke
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):392-398
It has been suggested that physical activity in breast cancer patients can not only improve quality of life. Influences on physical and psychological levels have been evaluated, but effects on the immune system of breast cancer patients are hardly known. A PubMed search identified relevant trials and meta-analyses from 1970 to 2013. This review summarizes the results of international studies and the current discussion of effects of physical activity on the immune system of breast cancer patients. Highlighted are effects of physical activity on the immune system. Seven original articles and 14 reviews included in this review. Two original and the review articles includes other tumor entities besides breast cancer.Evaluated methods such as dose-response relationships for exercise in oncology, hardly exist. Increased immunological anti-cancer activity due to physical activity is probably mediated via an increase in number and cytotoxicity of monocytes and natural killer cells and cytokines.
http://ift.tt/2en9zXt
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):392-398
It has been suggested that physical activity in breast cancer patients can not only improve quality of life. Influences on physical and psychological levels have been evaluated, but effects on the immune system of breast cancer patients are hardly known. A PubMed search identified relevant trials and meta-analyses from 1970 to 2013. This review summarizes the results of international studies and the current discussion of effects of physical activity on the immune system of breast cancer patients. Highlighted are effects of physical activity on the immune system. Seven original articles and 14 reviews included in this review. Two original and the review articles includes other tumor entities besides breast cancer.Evaluated methods such as dose-response relationships for exercise in oncology, hardly exist. Increased immunological anti-cancer activity due to physical activity is probably mediated via an increase in number and cytotoxicity of monocytes and natural killer cells and cytokines.
http://ift.tt/2en9zXt
The impact of patient positioning and use of belly board on small bowel toxicity in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy for gynecological malignancies
Milan Anjanappa, Rajeev Kavalakara Raghavan, Francis V James, Aswin Kumar, Susan Mathews, Sarin Bhaskaran, Shaiju Vasudevannair Sreedevi, Puthuveetil Govindan Jayaprakash
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):519-523
Aim: To determine the efficacy of belly board device in patients receiving postoperative radiation for gynecological malignancies in terms of setup error and acute small bowel toxicity. Materials and Methods: Patients requiring postoperative radiation for gynecological malignancies were prospectively randomized to either treatment with supine position (supine arm) or prone position using belly board (prone arm). Each patient underwent computed tomography simulation in the assigned treatment position, and a three-dimensional conformal radiation was planned. Weekly two to three treatment sessions were verified using portal imaging and setup errors were noted. All patients were reviewed weekly to assess for symptoms and toxicity using a structured format. The systematic and random errors were calculated along the three axes. Results: Twenty-four patients were randomized and 22 patients were available for the final analysis. The systematic error in supine arm versus prone arm was 3.9 versus 3.5 mm, 2.1 versus 4.8 mm and 3.1 versus 3.1 mm along lateral, antero-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) direction. The random error in supine arm versus prone arm was 5 versus 3.9 mm, 2.9 mm versus 4.4 mm and 4.3 versus 3.4 mm along lateral, AP and CC direction. The calculated planning target volume margin for supine arm was 1.3, 0.7, and 1.0 cm and margin for prone arm was 1.1, 1.5, and 1.0 cm along lateral, AP, and CC direction, respectively. One patient in supine arm developed Grade 3 toxicity. Conclusion: The systematic error and random error is more along AP direction for prone position. The acute small bowel toxicity was less using belly board.
http://ift.tt/2iMdO3U
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):519-523
Aim: To determine the efficacy of belly board device in patients receiving postoperative radiation for gynecological malignancies in terms of setup error and acute small bowel toxicity. Materials and Methods: Patients requiring postoperative radiation for gynecological malignancies were prospectively randomized to either treatment with supine position (supine arm) or prone position using belly board (prone arm). Each patient underwent computed tomography simulation in the assigned treatment position, and a three-dimensional conformal radiation was planned. Weekly two to three treatment sessions were verified using portal imaging and setup errors were noted. All patients were reviewed weekly to assess for symptoms and toxicity using a structured format. The systematic and random errors were calculated along the three axes. Results: Twenty-four patients were randomized and 22 patients were available for the final analysis. The systematic error in supine arm versus prone arm was 3.9 versus 3.5 mm, 2.1 versus 4.8 mm and 3.1 versus 3.1 mm along lateral, antero-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) direction. The random error in supine arm versus prone arm was 5 versus 3.9 mm, 2.9 mm versus 4.4 mm and 4.3 versus 3.4 mm along lateral, AP and CC direction. The calculated planning target volume margin for supine arm was 1.3, 0.7, and 1.0 cm and margin for prone arm was 1.1, 1.5, and 1.0 cm along lateral, AP, and CC direction, respectively. One patient in supine arm developed Grade 3 toxicity. Conclusion: The systematic error and random error is more along AP direction for prone position. The acute small bowel toxicity was less using belly board.
http://ift.tt/2iMdO3U
An update on studies on etiological factors, disease progression, and malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis
Samiha Bari, Rashmi Metgud, Zankhana Vyas, Aniruddh Tak
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):399-405
Worldwide estimates of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) show a confinement to Indians and Southeast Asians. In India, the prevalence of OSMF has increased over the past four decades from 0.03% to 6.42%. The condition is well recognized for its malignant potential rate of 7-30%. The condition has a multifactorial etiology and may remain either stationary or become severe, leaving an individual physically challenged both physically and psychologically. Hence, the study aims at reviewing studies done on various etiological factors leading to its onset. Their analysis may serve as an adjunct in defining the broad spectrum of the causation of this potentially malignant disorder.
http://ift.tt/2en88bp
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):399-405
Worldwide estimates of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) show a confinement to Indians and Southeast Asians. In India, the prevalence of OSMF has increased over the past four decades from 0.03% to 6.42%. The condition is well recognized for its malignant potential rate of 7-30%. The condition has a multifactorial etiology and may remain either stationary or become severe, leaving an individual physically challenged both physically and psychologically. Hence, the study aims at reviewing studies done on various etiological factors leading to its onset. Their analysis may serve as an adjunct in defining the broad spectrum of the causation of this potentially malignant disorder.
http://ift.tt/2en88bp
Comment on: Survey of cervical cancer survivors regarding quality of life and sexual function
Antonio Simone Laganà, Valentina Lucia La Rosa, Daniele Fanale, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):598-599
http://ift.tt/2iLPdvV
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):598-599
http://ift.tt/2iLPdvV
Lactate – A new frontier in the immunology and therapy of prostate cancer
Iuliana Nenu, Grigore-Aristide Gafencu, Tiberiu Popescu, Gabriel Kacso
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):406-411
Prostate cancer, one of the most common male malignancies with an increasing incidence in the recent years, requires the development of new methods of treatment. One of the most debated subjects is the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Although, the pathophysiological mechanisms are still a subject of intense research, TAM acts as procarcinogenic factors. It was also demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) induces the expression of TAM genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, it should be noted that the stromal extracellular lactate, the result of tumoral glycolysis process is one of the HIF1 activators. In addition, lactate inhibits the differentiation of monocytes and dendritic cells and also induces the inactivation of the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Through an analysis of recent studies, we conclude that lactate is a vital component of several ways of modulating the immune response at the stromal prostatic adenocarcinoma including TAM activation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes immunosuppression. Our review focuses on the impact of lactate on prostatic adenocarcinoma progression in terms of its immunology, and how this influences the therapy of this condition and the clinical outcome.
http://ift.tt/2engFv6
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):406-411
Prostate cancer, one of the most common male malignancies with an increasing incidence in the recent years, requires the development of new methods of treatment. One of the most debated subjects is the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Although, the pathophysiological mechanisms are still a subject of intense research, TAM acts as procarcinogenic factors. It was also demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) induces the expression of TAM genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, it should be noted that the stromal extracellular lactate, the result of tumoral glycolysis process is one of the HIF1 activators. In addition, lactate inhibits the differentiation of monocytes and dendritic cells and also induces the inactivation of the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Through an analysis of recent studies, we conclude that lactate is a vital component of several ways of modulating the immune response at the stromal prostatic adenocarcinoma including TAM activation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes immunosuppression. Our review focuses on the impact of lactate on prostatic adenocarcinoma progression in terms of its immunology, and how this influences the therapy of this condition and the clinical outcome.
http://ift.tt/2engFv6
Honey bee venom combined with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3as a highly efficient inducer of differentiation in human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Homa Mohseni-Kouchesfahani, Mohammad Nabioni, Zahra Khosravi, Maryam Rahimi
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):544-549
Purpose: Most cancer cells exhibit a defect in their capacity to mature into nonreplicating adult cells and existing in a highly proliferating state. Differentiation therapy by agents such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2 VD3) represents a useful approach for the treatment of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia. Human myeloid leukemia cell lines are induced to terminal differentiation into monocyte lineage by 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. However, usage of these findings in the clinical trials is limited by calcemic effects of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Attempts to overcome this problem have focused on a combination of low concentrations 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 with other compounds to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells. In this study, the effect of honey bee venom (BV) and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, individually and in combination, on proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were assayed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, toxic and nontoxic concentrations of BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 were tested using Trypan blue stained cell counting and (3[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In addition, differentiation of cells was assayed using a Wright-Giemsa staining and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of the variance test using SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that both the BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, in a dose and time-dependent manner, caused cell death at high concentrations and inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations. About 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes after 72 h. 2.5 μg/ml of BV suppressed proliferation of HL-60 cells but had not any effects on their differentiation, whereas in combination with 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, it enhanced antiproliferative and differentiation potency of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Conclusions: These results indicate that BV potentiates the 1,25-(OH)2 VD3-induced HL-60 cell differentiation into monocytes
http://ift.tt/2iLP7o3
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2017 13(3):544-549
Purpose: Most cancer cells exhibit a defect in their capacity to mature into nonreplicating adult cells and existing in a highly proliferating state. Differentiation therapy by agents such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2 VD3) represents a useful approach for the treatment of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia. Human myeloid leukemia cell lines are induced to terminal differentiation into monocyte lineage by 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. However, usage of these findings in the clinical trials is limited by calcemic effects of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Attempts to overcome this problem have focused on a combination of low concentrations 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 with other compounds to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells. In this study, the effect of honey bee venom (BV) and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, individually and in combination, on proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were assayed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, toxic and nontoxic concentrations of BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 were tested using Trypan blue stained cell counting and (3[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In addition, differentiation of cells was assayed using a Wright-Giemsa staining and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of the variance test using SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that both the BV and 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, in a dose and time-dependent manner, caused cell death at high concentrations and inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations. About 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes after 72 h. 2.5 μg/ml of BV suppressed proliferation of HL-60 cells but had not any effects on their differentiation, whereas in combination with 5 nM of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3, it enhanced antiproliferative and differentiation potency of 1,25-(OH)2 VD3. Conclusions: These results indicate that BV potentiates the 1,25-(OH)2 VD3-induced HL-60 cell differentiation into monocytes
http://ift.tt/2iLP7o3
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